Кафедра гірничої справи (ГС)
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Документ Сучасні тренди механізованого відпрацювання тонких вугільних пластів в світлі концепції MINING 4.0(ДВНЗ «Донецький національний технічний університет», 2023) Сахно, І. Г.; Петренко, А. В.; Sakhno, I. G.; Petrenko, A. V.Мета. Аналіз сучасних тенденцій розвитку технологій підземного видобутку вугілля з тонких пластів з метою визначення загальних рис і трендів, що дозволяють зрозуміти місце українських вугільних підприємств і світовому контексті. Методика. У роботі використано метод інженерного аналізу, синтезу і узагальнення інформації різних літературних джерел. Результати. Більше 70% українського вугілля знаходиться в пластах потужністю 0,7- 1,2м. Видобуток вугілля на таких пластах пов’язаний з обмеженим робочим простором, що стримує інтенсифікацію вуглевидобутку традиційним способом. Поступове скорочення світових запасів вугілля в потужних пластах і пластах середньої потужності призводить до зміни фокусу розвитку стратегій підземного вуглевидобутку на пласти з середньою потужністю 0,8-1,3м м, що стає ключовим у стратегічних планах видобутку різних вугільних басейнів. Загальним трендом при цьому є безпілотні способи видобутку з орієнтацією на безлюдне виймання. Вже традиційне малокорпусне обладнання для виймання вугілля з ручним керуванням витісняється інтелектуальними системами видобутку. Сучасна інтелектуальна система механізованого видобутку тонких вугільних пластів включає електрогідравлічну систему управління механізованою секцією, систему автоматичного різання вугілля та систему відеоспостереження за виймальною машиною і інтегровану систему подачі рідини та дистанційну централізовану систему контролю. Елементи вказаної системи детально проаналізовані в роботі. Наукова новизна полягає у встановленні загального тренду еволюції технології підземного видобутку тонких вугільних пластів повністю механізованими лавами. Практичне значення. Результати досліджень можуть бути використані при виборі і обґрунтуванні технологічних схем очисних робіт, стратегічному і оперативному плануванні розвитку вугільних підприємств, що видобувають вугілля з тонких пластів.Документ Numerical studies of floor heave mechanism and the effectiveness of grouting reinforcement of roadway in soft rock containing the mine water(Elsevier, 2023) Sakhno, I. G.; Sakhno, S. V.; Сахно, І. Г.; Сахно, С. В.A floor heave is a serious failure phenomenon in mining roadways, especially in soft rock containing the mine water. Considering the influences of moisture content on rock properties, a case study of the floor heave mechanism and grouting control technology was performed in this paper. The results of laboratory tests showed that with the increase of moisture content, the compressive strength and friction angle of mudstone linearly decreased, while the deformation modulus and cohesion tended to a negative exponential decrease approximately. A numerical simulation was used to study the stress and strain distributions of the surrounding rock. It was found that significant floor heave was caused plastic deformation of mudstone under high moisture content. In the case of large floor heave a “core” of vertical expansion is formed in the floor strata. This area of the surrounding rocks is mainly involved in the development of floor heave. Grouting reinforcement was proposed to control the floor heave. Five grouting schemes with different depth of reinforcement were studied. The numerical simulation demonstrated that after grouting reinforcement, plastic strain in the floor strata was reduced effectively. The minimum required grouting depth is determined by the allowable floor heave and moisture content. Ideally, the floor heaves could be reduced when the grouting depth is greater than the area where the “core” of vertical expansion appears.Документ Numerical studies of floor heave control by the rock bolts reinforcement technology in retained gob-side gateroad(EDP Sciences, 2024) Sakhno, I. G.; Sakhno, S. V.; Kamenets, V. I.; Cabana, E. C.; Сахно, І. Г.; Сахно, С. В.; Каменець, В. І.The effectiveness of modified rock bolts reinforcement technology for floor heave control in gob-side entry retaining was studied in this paper. A finite-element numerical simulation was used to analyse stress-strain state of surrounding rocks before and after immediate floor reinforcement with six floor support schemes. It was found that after immediate floor reinforcement with rock bolts with diameter 32 mm and 96 mm, floor heave in retained gob-side gateroad reduces by 2.94 – 3.6 times respectively. The modification of rock bolt reinforcement scheme by the additional installation of piles in the entry corners was proposed. Piles installation significantly reduces the zone of horizontal and vertical post-peak strains in the gateroad floor. The best variant among compared ones is a floor support scheme with two corner piles, 1 m and 2 m long. With this scheme, floor heave decreases by 3.05 times. The comparison of the materials costs of the floor support schemes were performed. As a result, the most effective floor support scheme was proposed and prospects for the further progress of floor reinforcing technologies were outlined.Документ Numerical simulation of the surface subsidence evolution caused by the flooding of the longwall goaf during excavation of thin coal seams(IOP Publishing, 2023) Sakhno, I. G.; Sakhno, S. V.; Petrenko, A.; Barkova, O.; Kobylianskyi, B.; Сахно, І. Г.; Сахно, С. В.Underground mining has a significant influence on ground movement, which induces serious environmental disturbances on land. Movements of the rock strata can be the cause of changes in the hydrogeological regimes of groundwater. As a result, the risk of flooding of the longwalls goaf increases. The specific phenomenon of the Ukrainian Donbas is the flooding of the underground roadway system at the result of the closure of the mines. Water saturation of rocks leads to a decrease in its strength. The result is repeated subsidence. The activation of the ground movement processes over the longwall goaf due to their flooding has not been studied enough. In this paper, for the geological conditions of thin coal seams typical for the Ukrainian Donbas, ground movement evolution caused by flooding of longwalls goaf was studied. Ansys code was used to analyze the evolution of surface displacement in different hydrogeological conditions. As a result of numerical simulation, it was found that full flooding of the longwall goaf leads to an increase in surface subsidence by 22.4%, while the length of the trough increase by 1.3%. Maximal inclination increases by 34.4%, and maximal curvature – by 74%. This contributes to a significant increase in hazards for surface infrastructure located on the edges of the subsidence trough. The control of the negative impact on surface infrastructure objects, water and agro-industrial objects can be ensured by a timely prediction of ground movement and the implementation of surface controlling methods to prevent critical surface deformations.Документ Floor Heave Control in Gob-Side Entry Retaining by Pillarless Coal Mining with Anti-Shear Pile Technology(MDPI, 2024) Sakhno, I. G.; Sakhno, S. V.; Skrzypkowski, K.; Isaienkov, O.; Zagórski, K.; Zagórska, A.; Сахно, І. Г.; Сахно, С. В.The severe floor heave in gob-side entry retaining is the major restriction factor of the wide application of pillarless mining thin coal seams. Reinforcement and stress-relief floor heave control methods are the most promising. However, in practice, floor restoration is widely used. Therefore, floor heave control technology in gob-side entry retaining needs to be improved. This study proposes anti-shear pile technology to control floor heave in gob-side entry retaining. The research was mainly carried out by numerical simulation. It was found that the transformation of high vertical stresses in the entry floor underneath the filling wall and coal seam body into horizontal stresses starts the floor heave process. The vertical dilatancy of rocks under the roadway span and their subsequent unloading lead to the delamination of the floor strata and uplift of the entry contour. In this paper, the best pile installation scheme was found. It is a 2pile 5+2 scheme with the installation of two piles, each 2 m long. After that, it was shown that filling piles are more than 3.3 times cheaper than comparable analogs, and pile installation is less labor-intensive. The implementation of the proposed floor heave control method leads to a reduction in heaving by 2.47 times.Документ Directional fracturing of rock by soundless chemical demolition agents(On Ching Lo, 2024) Sakhno, I. G.; Sakhno, S. V.; Сахно, І. Г.; Сахно, С. В.Rock fracturing is one of the main processes in the modern mining, mineral recovery, and energy industry, which is associated with the numerous environmentally harmful influences. Environmentally friendly alternative to conventional fracturing methods is non-explosive technology, which based on using of soundless chemical demolition agents (SCDA). In this study, method of directional fracturing, which based on creating tensile stress concentrators on the hole surface in the required location, was proposed. Considering the influences of additional installation in the borehole of stress concentration cartridge on stress field nearby the hole, a case study of the effectiveness of proposed rock fracturing method was performed in this paper. A numerical simulation was used to study the stress distribution around the borehole with SCDA in different rock types. It was found that cartridge installation leads to the occurrence of the tensile stress concentrations only near to the gap of the cartridge. The value of tensile stress concentration in the proposed rock fracturing method significantly depends on a cartridge gap distance. An increase in the gap distance leads to a decrease in the stress concentration factor. For granite, sandstone and mudstone, relationships of stress concentration factor to cartridge gap distance that was divided on hole diameter were obtained. The equation for calculating of the hole spacing for the directional fracturing method was proposed. The results of the study are confirmed by experiments in-situ on the directional fracturing of rocks in a quarry and in a coal mine.Документ Аналіз структурних особливостей та геометризація якісних властивостей габроїдних порід східної частини Володарськ-Волинського масиву основних порід Коростенського плутону(Державний університет "Житомирська політехніка", 2024) Криворучко, А. О.; Котенко, В. В.; Горшкальов, С. А.; Бруй, Г. В.; Kryvoruchko, A. O.; Kotenko, V. V.; Horshkalov, S. A.; Brui, H. V.У роботі здійснено геометризацію габроїдів східної частини Володарськ-Волинського масиву основних порід Коростенського плутону на основі визначення просторового розташування, структури та взаємозв’язків різновидів кристалічних порід. У дослідженні використано найсучасніші методи цифрової геометризації. Цифрова геометризація є найсучаснішим методом геометризації геохімічних полів, що використовує комп’ютерні технології для створення цифрових моделей геохімічного поля. Здійснено дослідження просторового розподілу межі міцності на стиск корисної копалини в сухому та зволоженому стані, просторового розподілу показника водопоглинання, рудоносності та виконано оцінку ступеня зміни декоративності. На основі одержаних даних були створені детальні моделі розподілу основних властивостей габроїдів, одержані графічні і аналітичні залежності, що сприяє ефективному плануванню видобування природного каменю. Також було описано внутрішню структуру інтрузивів східної частини Володарськ-Волинського масиву Коростенського плутону. Завдяки одержаним моделям можна покращити точність оцінки запасів, оптимізувати гірничі роботи та знизити витрати на видобування, забезпечуючи при цьому раціональне використання природних ресурсів.Документ The relationship between lowering the earth's surface and bearing pressure above the advancing longwall face(Національний університет "Львівська політехніка", 2023) Kuchin, O.; Brui, H. V.; Yankin, O.; Ishutina, H.; Бруй, Г. В.This work aims to develop a method for determining the increase in stresses above an advancing longwall face of Western Donbas mines. The paper presents a solution to the problem. It is based on the analysis of geodetic instrumental observations of the earth's surface lowering and rock mass deformation above the advancing longwall face. Length and propagation in the roof and floor of the extracted seam are the main geometrical parameters of the zone of high rock pressure. Currently, the quantitative parameters of this zone are not considered. And its length under the conditions of Western Donbas is determined with an accuracy of 50%. Thus, research in this direction is relevant. The experimental basis for the research includes the results of observations performed at two vertical borehole extensometers and the results of data processing obtained at more than 30 observation stations on the Earth's surface. Thus, the research specified the geometrical parameters of the zone of high rock pressure and the nature of the vertical stress distribution within this zone. The paper introduces a method to determine a coefficient of stress increase above the advancing longwall face of Western Donbas mines. We also established the empirical coefficients of the vertical stress distribution function within the abutment pressure zone. There is a relationship between the lowering of the earth's surface and the values of the stress increase in the borehole edge part. The reliability of the obtained results is confirmed by geophysical studies in Western Donbas, as well as by the results of field observations.Документ Impact of ground surface subsidence caused by underground coal mining on natural gas pipeline(Springer Nature, 2023) Bazaluk, O.; Kuchyn, O.; Saik, P.; Soltabayeva, S.; Brui. H. V.; Lozynskyi, V.; Cherniaiev, O.; Бруй, Г. В.Underground mining of minerals is accompanied by a change in the rock mass geomechanical situation. This leads to the redistribution of stresses in it and the occurrence of unexpected displacements and deformations of the earth’s surface. A significant part of the civil and industrial infrastructure facilities are located within the mine sites, where mining and tunneling operations are constantly conducted. Irrational planning of mining operations can lead to loss of stability and destruction of undermined facilities. Therefore, it is important to study the earth’s surface deformation processes during mining operations, which ensures safe and sustainable operating conditions. The research objective of this paper is to analyse the behaviour of a natural gas pipeline under the influence of underground mining activities, with a particular focus on understanding the effects of horizontal surface deformations and their potential impact on pipeline safety and structural integrity. Its performance and safety are determined on the basis of the found parameters of the earth’s surface horizontal deformations and their comparison with permissible parameters characterizing the conditions for laying pipelines, depending on the mining-geological conditions and the degree of their undermining. Based on determined conditions for the safe undermining of the natural gas pipeline, it has been revealed that in its section between the PK212+40 and PK213+80 (140 m) pickets, the estimated parameters of the earth’s surface horizontal deformations exceed their permissible values. This can cause deformation and damage to the pipeline. For the safe operation of the pipeline during the period of its undermining, in order to eliminate the hazardous impact of mining the longwall face, additional protection measures must be applied. It is therefore recommended that the gas pipeline between the PK212 and PK214+20 pickets be opened prior to the displacement process (200 m from the stoping face), thus reducing the density of the gas pipeline-soil system. Recommendations for controlling the earth’s surface deformations within the natural gas pipeline route are also proposed, which will ensure premature detection of the negative impact of mining operations.Документ Determination of design indicators of earth surface deformations for mineable buildings and structures(Інститут геотехнічної механіки ім. М.С. Полякова НАН України, 2023) Nazarenko, V. O.; Brui, H. V.; Kuchin, O. S.; Назаренко, В. О.; Бруй, Г. В.; Кучин, О. С.Coal is one of the main sources of energy in Ukraine. Underground coal mining is concentrated in the ar-eas of Eastern and Central Donbas, Western Donbas, and in the Lviv-Volyn region. Development of coal seams leads to displacement of rocks and uneven subsidence of the surface. Surface movements and deformations cause serious damage to the environment. They affect residential and industrial infrastructure, and can cause destruction or disruption of operating conditions. Risks to surface structures can be reduced by predicting subsidence and surface deformation over underground workings. In Ukraine, the method of typical subsidence and deformation distribution functions is used for forecasting. This is a simple and universal method, but it does not take into account the differences in deformations in different zones of the shear trough depending on the direction of movement of the face. For this reason, incorrect predic-tive estimates of the impact of mining operations on the earth's surface, man-made natural, industrial and civilian objects arise. This paper presents a methodology for determining the estimated deformations of the foundations of civilian build-ings that are being faked, taking into account the assessment of the estimated impact of mining operations, which takes into account the peculiarities of the formation of the shear trough in space and time. This methodology was developed to supplement and clarify the "Temporary technical conditions for the protection of structures and natural objects from the impact of underground mining operations. KD 12.00159226.013-95" for the conditions of underground mining of coal seams in the Western Donbas, as well as other deposits with similar conditions and parameters of the earth surface displacement process. It is based on modern concepts of rock and earth surface movements during underground mining of coal seams with horizontal and gentle rock occurrence; results of analysis of numerous instrumental surveying obser-vations, including frequency ones, at observation stations of mines in Western Donbas. The obtained regularities allow for a more objective selection and application of protection measures for civil buildings. This reduces the risks during the operation of buildings, makes it possible to plan repair and restoration work, and to make a rea-sonable assessment of buildings and territories in the real estate market.