The significance of artificial intelligence in fostering professional competencies of the future: a systematic review

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of relevant materials published between 2018 and 2025, with a focus on analysing the advantages and disadvantages of AI adoption. PRISMA guidelines were applied to search, screen and partially analyse the scientific literature. A total of 54 sources were selected, including experimental papers, review studies, monographs, conference proceedings and analytical articles. The systematic review proceeded in three phases: (1) analytical reading, (2) screening and (3) examination and reporting. The results show that numerous studies emphasise the potential benefits of emerging technologies, beginning at school level and, consequently, the preparation of teachers to integrate them creatively. Among the studies reviewed, 39% were experimental studies (EXP), while 36% were theoretical reviews (TR). Most of the studies were conducted in higher education institutions with the participation of students and teachers. Methodologically, researchers have mainly undertaken theoretical and survey-based investigations of AI use, although experimental studies are also noteworthy. The conclusions suggest that, given the rapid evolution of digital technologies, an integrated approach combining empirical and theoretical research is optimal for determining the impact of AI systems on the formation of professional competences.